低聚果糖的生物学效应及其安全性研究进展

作为一种应用最早和最为广泛的功能性低聚糖,低聚果糖具有调节肠道菌群、提高机体免疫功能、降低血脂和促进某些营养物质吸收的功能,且对人体无任何生理毒性.通过对其生物学效应与安全性等方面近年来的最新研究进展进行综述,以期推动低聚果糖的进一步深入研究开发和在食品上的广泛应用.     

Molecular and Clinical Characteristics of MSH6 Variants: An Analysis of 25 Index Carriers of a Germline Variant

The MSH6 gene is one of the mismatch-repair genes involved in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). Three hundred sixteen individuals who were known or suspected to have HNPCC were analyzed for MSH6 germline mutations. For 25 index patients and 8 relatives with MSH6 variants, molecular and clinical features are described. For analysis of microsatellite instability (MSI), the five consensus markers were used. Immunohistochemical analysis of the MLH1, MSH2, and MSH6 proteins was performed. Five truncating MSH6 mutations, of which one was detected seven times, were found in 12 index patients, and 10 MSH6 variants with unknown pathogenicity were found in 13 index patients. Fourteen (54%) of 26 colorectal cancers (CRCs) and endometrial cancers showed no, or only weak, MSI. Twelve of 18 tumors of truncating-mutation carriers and 3 of 17 tumors of missense-mutation carriers showed loss of MSH6 staining. Six of the families that we studied fulfilled the original Amsterdam criteria; most families with MSH6, however, were only suspected to have HNPCC. In families that did not fulfill the revised Amsterdam criteria, the prevalence of MSH6 variants is about the same as the prevalence of those in MLH1/MSH2. Endometrial cancer and/or atypical hyperplasia were diagnosed in 8 of 12 female carriers of MSH6 truncating mutations. Most CRCs were localized distally in the colon. Although, molecularly, missense variants are labeled as doubtfully pathogenic, clinical data disclose a great resemblance between missense-variant carriers and truncating-mutation carriers. We conclude that, in all patients suspected to have HNPCC, MSH6-mutation analysis should be considered. Neither MSI nor immunohistochemistry should be a definitive selection criterion for MSH6-mutation analysis.     

转基因动物在输血医学中的应用

转基因动物技术是在动物整体水平研究和表达目的基因的生物技术,其基本特点是：分子及细胞水平操作,组织及整体水平表达,是常规分子生物学理论和技术的拓展和延伸,也是现代生物高技术研究和开发的热点之一。本简述了转基因动物在输血医学领域的应用及其发展前景,包括利用转基因动物生物反应器制备人血浆蛋白和人血红蛋白、建立血传播病毒的感染模型和血液相关遗传模型以及转基因动物与输血医学的基础研究等。     

中国锥瘿蚊属研究(双翅目：瘿蚊科)

记述了中国新纪录属,锥瘿蚊属Pseudoperomyia Jaschhof et Hippa一新种：鹦铗锥瘿蚊Pseudoperomyia psittacephala Li et Bu,sp.nov.,（正模产地：福建武夷山桐木）,及1中国新纪录种：小锥瘿蚊P.humilis Jaschhof et Hippa.（云南云龙）。新种与分布于马来西亚的Pseudoperomyia platystyla Jaschhof et Hippa相近,主要区别为新种生殖基节内突的根部很长;生殖端节形似鹦鹉头的外形;阳茎基钟罩形,中部不缢缩;生殖杆更长。模式标本4均保存于南开大学生物系昆早标本室。     

酵母pac—1基因的克隆、序列分析和在大肠杆菌中的高效表达及活性测定

粟酒裂殖酵母菌 (Ｓｃｈｉｚｏｓａｃｃｈａｒｍｙｃｅｓｐｏｍｂｅ)的 ｐａｃ 1基因于 1991年Ｙｕｉｃｈｉｌｉｎｏ等首次报道。在温度敏感型的酵母突变体中 ,ｐａｃ 1基因是一个多拷贝阻遏子 ,它使酵母在限制温度培养条件下的减数分裂不受调控 ,对酵母的生长过程起着重要的调节作用。该基因有一个编码 36 4个氨基酸的开放阅读框 ,编码产物的羧基端与大肠杆菌核糖核酸酶Ⅲ有2 5 %的同源性。通过酶活性测定 ,已经确定它是一类依赖ｄｓＲＮＡ的核糖核酸酶 ,具有降解ｄｓＲＮＡ的功能[1,2 ] 。由于大多数植物病毒为ＲＮＡ病毒 ,因此无论它的基…     

A STUDY ON THE GENUS BRYOMYIA KIEFFER (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYHDAE) FROM CHINA*

Abstract Four Chinese species of genus Bryomyia Kieffer are recorded in the present paper, among which, one species: B. puberula Li et Bu is described as new to science; two species; B. bergrothi Kieffer and B. gibbosa (Felt) are recorded for the first time from China. Key to the known Chinese species of the genus is given. Type specimen is deposited in the Department of Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.     

大兴安岭北坡多年冻土区植物群落分类及其物种多样性对冻土融深变化的响应

气候变化背景下冻土环境对地上植物群落的影响备受关注。鉴于此,选择了大兴安岭北坡作为研究区,应用双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)和典范对应分析法(CCA)对大兴安岭北坡不同冻土融深的30个样地进行了群落分类,分析了物种多样性对冻土融深的响应。结果表明,1)研究区30个沟谷冻土样地植物群落可划分为3个群丛组,TWINSPAN的分类结果很好的反映了群丛组的分布与冻土融深的关系,即随着冻土融深由浅变深,群落由柴桦(Betula fruticosa)+狭叶杜香(Ledum palustrevar.angustum)-苔草(Carex subpediformis)群丛组逐渐过渡到柴桦(Betula fruticosa)-苔草(Carex subpediformis)群丛组和柴桦(Betula fruticosa)+细叶沼柳(Salix rosmarinifolia)-苔草(Carex subpediformis)群丛组,并在CCA二维排序图上得到了验证;2)地上植物群落的物种多样性指数随着冻土融深的增加表现出先上升后下降的单峰变化趋势;在50cmPMD≤150cm时,物种多样性指数较高。研究结果对冻土区的森林管理以及生物多样性保护具有一定地指导意义。